Warming up: Introduction 
"Stretching and warm-up  is an essential part of any exercise routine. A proper warm up will help to prevent soft tissue injuries such as torn muscles and ligaments."
"The warm up should last between 5 and 15 minutes and the less you are used to exercise, the longer it should be."
"Start with a series of light mobility exercises and progress to gentle aerobic exercises such as walking and jogging. Gradually increase the pace of the exercise until you have developed a light sweat."
"Do not use stretches as a means of warming up; they should only be done as part of the exercise routine after the warm up or at the end of the routine during the cooling down period."
 
  
    | Type of Stretch | 
    Directions of Stretch | 
  
  
    | 
       Ankle Rotation 
       
  | 
    Stand with your feet hip-width apart, knees slightly bent. 
       Rotate each ankle in turn in a complete circle in each
      direction.  | 
  
  
    | 
       Calf Stretch 
       
  | 
    Place one foot a foots
      wide in front of the other. Keeping back straight and body facing
      forward
       Slowly press forward on front leg
      until stretch is felt and hold  | 
  
  
    | Quads Stretch
      
        
  | 
    With your right hand pull the right heel in towards your bottom. Try to keep knees touching. It may be useful to have a chair for
      support. 
       
      Hold for about 20 to 30 seconds and then slowly release. 
       
      Repeat with the other leg. | 
  
  
    | Hamstring Stretch
      
        
  | 
    
       The easier method is to stand with your feet slightly apart for balance, one foot in front of the other. It may be useful to have a chair for
      support 
      Now bend forward while pushing your bottom backwards. The rear leg should be bent but your front leg will be straight so stretching the
      hamstrings. 
       
      Hold the position for 20 to 30 seconds and then slowly release. Repeat with the other leg. 
     | 
  
  
    | Gluteus Stretch
      
        
  | 
    Lie on your back. Now pull one leg up to your chest with your hands while keeping the other leg flat on the
      floor. 
       
      Hold the position for about 20 to 30 seconds and then slowly release. 
       
      Repeat with the other leg. | 
  
  
    | Hip & Trunk
      Rotation
      
        
  | 
    Stand with your feet about hip-width apart, knees slightly
      bent.
 Now move your hips and torso to the right, to the back, to the left and to the front.
Repeat in the opposite
direction  | 
  
  
    | Lower Back Stretch
      
        
  | 
    Stand with feet hip-width apart, knees slightly bent and hands
      hips.
 Bend slowly forwards from the hips and back up to the vertical position.   | 
  
  
    | Upper Back Stretch
      
        
  | 
    Stand with feet hip-width apart and knees slightly bent. With hands clasped together, level with your shoulders and palms facing outwards (fingers should not be interlocked), extend your arms in
      front. 
       
      Push forward with your hands and hold for about 6 to 10 seconds. Release
      slowly. | 
  
  
    | Peck Stretch
      
        
  | 
    Stand with feet hip-width apart and knees slightly bent. Clasp your hands behind your back but do not interlock the
      fingers. 
       
      Now slowly raise your arms as high as possible without leaning forwards 
       
      Hold the position for about 6 to 10 seconds and then slowly release | 
  
  
    | Tricep Stretch
      
        
  | 
    Stand with feet slightly apart and knees slightly bent. Place the flat of your right hand between the shoulder blades. Now bring your left hand over your head, placing it on the right elbow and press down
      lightly 
       
      Press down lightly with your left hand, hold for about 6 to 10 seconds and then slowly
      release 
       
      Now repeat with the left hand between your shoulder blades. | 
  
  
    | Shoulder Circles
      
        
  | 
    Stand with feet
      hip-width apart, knees slightly bent. Arms fully extended to the side, gently swing them around in large
      circles. Repeat the action in each
      direction.  | 
  
  
    | Neck Rotation
      
        
  | 
    This exercise must be carried out with great care if you have any form of neck
      problem Stand with your feet hip-width apart, knees slightly bent and hands by your
      sides. Gently turn your head to look over one shoulder, then the other and then face forward. Now lower your chin on to your chest and then raise the head to a normal
      position. Do not, under any circumstances, tilt your head
      backwards.  |